In a historic ruling, the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the United Nations' highest court, declared that countries have a legal obligation under international law to address climate change and limit greenhouse gas emissions. The court stated that failing to act on climate change could be considered an 'internationally wrongful act,' opening the door for nations—especially those most affected by climate impacts—to seek reparations from major polluters. This landmark opinion was driven by years of advocacy from Pacific Island nations and youth activists, and it affirms that even non-signatories to the Paris Agreement are not exempt from these obligations. The ruling is expected to embolden climate litigation worldwide and increase pressure on wealthy, high-emitting countries to fulfill their climate commitments. Experts and campaigners have hailed the decision as a turning point for climate justice and accountability.
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