In a historic advisory opinion, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled that all countries are legally obligated under international law to take strong action against climate change. The court stated that failing to curb greenhouse gas emissions and protect the climate could breach international law and violate human rights, including the right to a healthy environment. Major polluters, especially wealthy nations, may now face legal liability and be required to pay reparations to countries most affected by climate change. The ruling empowers vulnerable nations, such as Pacific island states, to seek accountability and compensation for climate harm. While the opinion is not directly enforceable, it sets a powerful legal precedent and marks a new era of global climate accountability.
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