In a historic ruling, the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the United Nations' highest court, has declared that all countries are legally obligated under international law to address climate change. The court stated that failing to curb greenhouse gas emissions and protect the environment could breach international law and result in financial liability, especially for wealthy and high-emitting nations. This landmark advisory opinion affirms the right to a healthy environment as a human right and opens the door for climate-vulnerable countries to seek reparations for damages caused by major polluters. The case was initiated by the Pacific island nation of Vanuatu, highlighting the existential threat climate change poses to low-lying and developing nations. While the ruling is advisory and not directly enforceable, it sets a powerful legal precedent that could shape future climate accountability and justice efforts worldwide.
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