In a historic and unanimous advisory opinion, the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the United Nations' highest court, has ruled that all countries are legally obligated under international law to address climate change and curb greenhouse gas emissions. The court found that failing to act on climate change could constitute a violation of international law, opening the door for countries to be sued and potentially ordered to pay reparations for climate-related damages. The ruling affirms that a healthy environment is a human right and that wealthy, high-emitting nations may be held financially liable to countries most affected by climate impacts. This decision marks a turning point in global climate accountability, strengthening the legal basis for climate justice and empowering vulnerable nations, especially small island states, to demand stronger action and compensation. While the opinion is non-binding, it sets a powerful legal and moral precedent that could reshape international climate policy and litigation.
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