UN’s Top Court Declares Climate Change an ‘Existential Threat’ and Affirms States’ Legal Duties

The International Court of Justice (ICJ), the United Nations’ highest court, has issued a landmark advisory opinion declaring climate change an urgent and existential threat to humanity. The court affirmed that a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment is a human right, and stated that countries have legal obligations to address climate change and protect both present and future generations. While the opinion is non-binding, it sets a powerful legal and moral precedent that could influence future climate litigation and international negotiations. The ruling also suggests that countries harmed by climate inaction may be entitled to reparations. This decision is seen as a defining moment for global climate justice, especially for vulnerable nations facing severe climate impacts.