World’s Top Court Declares Climate Inaction a Violation of International Law—Polluters Face Legal Reckoning

In a historic advisory opinion, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) has ruled that all countries are legally obligated under international law to address climate change and protect the environment. The court declared that failing to curb greenhouse gas emissions and prevent climate harm could breach international law, opening the door for countries—especially major polluters—to be held liable for damages and reparations. The ruling affirms that a healthy environment is a human right and that climate inaction threatens the full enjoyment of human rights worldwide. While the opinion is not legally binding, it carries significant moral and legal weight, setting a new global standard for climate accountability. The decision is seen as a major victory for climate justice, vulnerable nations, and youth activists who have long campaigned for stronger international action.